Roman Numeral Converter
Convert numbers to Roman numerals and back, with each symbol explained. Your work stays on this device whenever possible.
How to use Roman Numeral Converter
- Type a number from 1 to 3999, or a Roman numeral such as MCMXCIV.
- The result updates as you type; press Convert if you prefer.
- Read the breakdown line to see which symbols make up the answer.
- Press "Copy result" to copy just the converted value.
Worked example
Type 1994 and the result is 1994 = MCMXCIV, built from M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4. Typing MCMXCIV back in returns 1994 with the same symbols listed.
When to use this tool
- Writing a year on a tattoo, invitation or film credit.
- Checking chapter, outline or clock numbering for homework.
Important limitations
Covers standard numerals from 1 to 3999 in subtractive form; forms such as IIII and the overline notation for larger numbers are not supported.
Frequently asked questions
Why only up to 3999?
Standard Roman numerals have no single symbol above M (1000), and writing 4000 would need MMMM, which breaks the rule of at most three repeats. Larger values used a bar over letters, which plain text cannot show reliably.
Why is IIII rejected?
The converter uses the standard subtractive form, where 4 is IV and 9 is IX. IIII appears on some clock faces, but it is not the accepted modern form, so the tool flags it rather than guessing.
Can I type lowercase letters?
Yes. mcmxciv and MCMXCIV give the same answer; the result is shown in capitals.
How do I write a year like 2026?
Break it into thousands, hundreds, tens and ones: MM for 2000, XX for 20 and VI for 6, giving MMXXVI. The breakdown line shows the same steps.
Is there a Roman numeral for zero?
No. The Roman system had no zero, so 0 cannot be converted.